Baked goods, condiments, coffee, and most hard cheeses sail through US customs; most fresh fruits and vegetables and nearly all meat products do not — and declaring everything, even the items that get seized, costs nothing but a minute.
Report it to local police, book into your embassy or consulate's system, and ask specifically for an emergency limited-validity passport — most US travelers walk out with same-day or next-day documents when they follow the sequence.
The couchette-to-sleeper hierarchy decides both your sleep and your budget — a shared couchette is the hostel-bed price of skipping a hotel night, and routes like Vienna–Amsterdam and Brussels–Berlin have made night trains a planning option again.
Dozens of countries refuse entry on passports expiring within six months of arrival, airlines enforce it at check-in on the government's behalf, and Schengen adds its own twist — three months beyond departure and issued within ten years.
OMNY turned the city's ticketing question into a non-question — tap a contactless card or phone at any turnstile, ride for a few dollars, and the system caps your weekly spend automatically once you've paid a dozen fares.
Under five hours, Hamad's own facilities — the art, the pool, the quiet rooms — fill the time; with six hours or more and visa-free entry, a free airline-run city tour beats anything inside the terminal.